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A summary of educational theories (Merriam and Caffarella 1991: 138)

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Aspect/School Behaviourist Cognitivist Humanist Social and situational Theorists Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner Koffka, Kohler, Lewin , Piaget, Ausubel,   Bruner , Gagne Maslow,   Rogers Bandura,   Lave and Wenger , Salomon View of the learning process Change in behaviour Internal mental process (including insight, information processing, memory, perception A personal act to fulfill potential . Interaction /observation in social contexts. Movement from the periphery to the centre of a community of practice Locus of learning Stimuli in external environment Internal cognitive structuring Affective and cognitive needs Learning is in relationship between people and environment. Purpose in education Produce behavioural change in desired direction Develop capacity and skills to learn better B...
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ئَزَمِة كِتابِة الهَمزِه رموز الهمزه السِّتّه الهمزه صوت من ئصوات لغّتنا، بسّ بالفصحى الفراهيدي، ئللّي عمل هالرّمز ’ء‘ للهمزه، ما عمل لئلها حرف مستقلّ بالكتابه متل ما باقي الحروف ئلها رموز. وعلى الئرحج استَعْمَل هالرّمز ’ء‘ اللّي هو راس حرف العين، لئنّه الئَعاجم كانو وما زالو بيلفظو العين همزه. فحاول يميّز الهمزه عن العين بدون ما يعملهن رمزَين مختلفين. المهمّ ئِنُّه بينما كلّ حرف ئِجْمالًا ئِلُه مِن شكلين متل ’ر‘ و’ـر‘، لَئَرْبَع ئَشكال متل ’ جـ‘ و’ـجـ‘ و’ـج‘ و’ج‘،  الهمزه ئِلها ئَكتر: 1-   أ - متل بكلمات أمل ورأي؛ و   ـأ - متل بكلمة سـأل، 2-   إ - متل بكلمة إقبال، 3-   آ - متل بكلمة آب،   - ـآ متل بكلمة ضـآله، 4-   ؤ - متل بكلمة رؤوف،        ـؤ - متل بكلمة بـؤبـؤ، 5-   ئـ - متل بكلمة وئام،           ـئـ - متل بكلمة لئيم،             ـئ - متل بكلمة لاجئ، وللحقيقه ...
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The Dimensions of Personal Identity

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In this paper I tackle the question of personal identity as to “what attributes define a person and make them who they are”.   The paper aims at informing cultural competency trainees and learning providers and therefore I shall not go into detailed discussions about what defines personhood , evidence of personhood, or about what persistence of personality is (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, n.d.) Lack of Consensus Researchers and theoreticians in the fields of philosophy, psychology and social sciences, do not have a consensus regarding what factors define personal identity. While West & Zimmerman, for example, focused in their research on the effects of gender , Maddox studied ethnicity .   Cheryan & Monin’s work, on the other hand, focused on nationality and Proshansky introduced and studied ‘ place identity ’. Professor Vivian Vignoles, of the School of Psychology at the University of Sussex, on the other hand proposes that identity has personal and soc...
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Location: Auckland, New Zealand
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