A summary of educational theories (Merriam and Caffarella 1991: 138)

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Aspect/School
Behaviourist
Cognitivist
Humanist
Social and situational
Theorists
Thorndike, Pavlov, Watson, Guthrie, Hull, Tolman, Skinner
Koffka, Kohler,Lewin, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Gagne
Maslow, Rogers
Bandura, Lave and Wenger, Salomon
View of the learning process
Change in behaviour
Internal mental process (including insight, information processing, memory, perception
A personal act to fulfill potential.
Interaction /observation in social contexts. Movement from the periphery to the centre of a community of practice
Locus of learning
Stimuli in external environment
Internal cognitive structuring
Affective and cognitive needs
Learning is in relationship between people and environment.
Purpose in education
Produce behavioural change in desired direction
Develop capacity and skills to learn better
Become self-actualized, autonomous
Full participation in communities of practice and utilization of resources
Educator's role
Arranges environment to elicit desired response
Structures content of learning activity
Facilitates development of the whole person
Works to establish communities of practice in which conversation and participation can occur.
Manifestations in learning
Behavioural objectives

Competency -based education
Skill development and training
Cognitive development
Intelligence, learning and memory as function of age
Learning how to learn
Andragogy(learning strategies focused on adults)
Self-directed learning
Socialization

Social participation
Associationalism
Conversation

Comments

  1. SBACH1 November 2011 at 20:07

    I have posted a summary of the views of the major schools of education and marked bold and underlined the items which agree with our beliefs and approaches.
    We, nevertheless, know that education is breaking away from being a philosophy or an art, and progressing along the lines of the empirical sciences. The discoveries in the filed of cognitive neuroscience are having a clear impact on our understanding of what learning is and hence on the methodologies that educators need to adopt in order to optimise learning and meet the needs and expectations of the communities they serve.

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